jamal kazmi, jamil kazmi, aumber abbas, syed raza ali raza, athar sabtain, abdul jalil, mohd ambri mohamed, muhammad naqi, hongwei song.  (2026).  defect-programmed band alignment enables self-powered silicon photodiodes.  - materials today energy.  1 - 11. 

dahlang tahir, ardiansyah ardiansyah, heryanto heryanto, ervina efzan mhd noor, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2025).  chitosan-based hydrogels: a comprehensive review of transdermal drug delivery.  - international journal of biological macromolecules.  1 - 12. 

jamal kazmi, zamir-ul-hassan, waqas ahmad, syed raza ali raza, jafar hussain shah, aziz khan, muhammad ashhad shahid, mojtaba dayer, muhammad anwar-ul-haq, abdul jalil, mohd ambri mohamed, federico rosei, zhiming wang.  (2025).  substrate temperature-induced grain boundary reduction for high-efficiency self-powered n-v2o5/p-si photovoltaic heterojunction devices.  - journal of alloys and compounds.  1 - 8. 

jamal kazmi, aumber abbas, david james young, jafar hussain shah, waqas ahmad, syed shoaib ahmad shah, syed raza ali raza, mohd ambri mohamed, alexander o. govorov, zhiming wang.  (2025).  zno nanowire uv photodetectors: at the intersection of flexibility, biocompatibility, and visible blindness.  - materials today.  139 - 180. 

dahlang tahir, syarifuddin syarifuddin, ervina efzan mhd noor, heryanto heryanto, mohd ambri mohamed .  (2025).  advancements in protein-based bionanocomposites for targeted and controlled drug delivery systems: a comprehensive review.  - journal of drug delivery science and technology.  1 - 27. 

muhammad hilmi johari, shazreen sulaiman, siti nur hidayah yahya, mohd ambri mohamed, abdul rahman mohmad.  (2025).  chemical vapor deposition of mos2 on flexible carbon cloth using na2moo4 liquid precursor for piezoelectric nanogenerators.  - journal of materials science: materials in electronics.  1 - 9. 

muhammad irfan abdul jalal , mun yin yen, lam chenshen, mae-lynn catherine bastion, chua xin yun, sharipah salwa abdul razak, sharmilah kuppusami, arifah syahirah abdul rahman, mohd eusoff azizol nashriby, nurul ashikin a. rahim, poh choon ooi, muhamad ramdzan buyong, mohd ambri mohamed, chang fu dee, azlan azrul hamzah, fook-choe cheah.  (2025).  the efficacy and safety of lignocaine-embedded dissolvable microneedle versus emla for topical analgesia in adults undergoing venepuncture: a single-centre, parallel-group, double-blind randomised clinical trial protocol in a tertiary care setting.  - plos one.  1 - 21. 

heryanto heryanto, dahlang tahir, mufti hatur rahmi, abdul rasak, ahmed akouiba, rachid masrour, mohd ambri mohamed, asnan rinovian, suprapto suprapto.  (2025).  structural-optical transformation of milkfish scales (chanos chanos) into chitin and its properties as bioplastics before and after degradation.  - arabian journal for science and engineering.  3841 - 3854. 

maheswary thambirajoo, nur izzah md fadilah, manira maarof, yogeswaran lokanathan, mohd ambri mohamed, sarani zakaria, ruszymah bt hj idrus, mh busra fauzi.  (2024).  functionalised sodium–carboxymethylcellulose–collagen bioactive bilayer as an acellular skin substitute for future use in diabetic wound management: the evaluation of physicochemical, cell viability, and antibacterial effects.  - polymers.  1 - 27. 

aini ayunni mohd raub, raihana bahru, mohd ambri mohamed, rhonira latif, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff, khanom simarani, jumril yunas.  (2024).  photocatalytic activity enhancement of nanostructured metal-oxides photocatalyst: a review.  - nanotechnology.  1-20. 

faizatul farah hatta, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2024).  enhanced-performance triboelectric nanogenerator based on polydimethylsiloxane/barium titanate/graphene quantum dot nanocomposites for energy harvesting.  - acs omega.  5608-5615. 

muhammad javed, ayaz arif khan, naeem akbar, jamal kazmi, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2024).  temperature and frequency dependent response of electrical conduction and dielectric relaxation mechanism in cucr2o4 tetragonally distorted spinel chromite.  - ceramics international.  4767-4781. 

heryanto heryanto, inayatul mutmainna, mufti hatur rahmi, andi tessiwoja tenri ola, nurul fajri r. tang, mohd ambri mohamed, dahlang tahir.  (2024).  favourable peak diffraction shift moments as a function of mg doping on zno matrix as a promising catalyst for methylene blue waste.  - materials chemistry and physics.  1-10. 

muhammad javed, ayaz arif khan, jamal kazmi, naeem akbar, said nasir khisro, amanullah dar , aleem dad khan tareen, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2024).  variable range hopping transport and dielectric relaxation mechanism in gdcro3 rare-earth orthochromite perovskite.  - journal of rare earths.  1304 - 1316. 

jamil kazmi, syed samee ul hassan bukhari, jamal kazmi, syed raza ali raza, jafar hussain shah, abdul jalil, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2024).  thermal annealing and dft insights enhance photodetection efficiency in vox/p-si heterojunctions.  - ceramics international.  46042 - 46050. 

zamir-ul hassan, syed raza ali raza , jamal kazmi, waqar mahmood, mohsin rafique, mohd ambri mohamed, md khan sobayel bin rafiq, tengku hasnan tengku aziz, raja azhar saeed khan.  (2023).  thickness dependent wavelength selective nir-uv-visible photoresponse in zno nanowires and silicon heterojunction.  - ceramics international.  9115-9121. 

revathy deivasigamani, nur nasyifa mohd maidin, nur shahira abdul nasir, abdullah abdulhameed, aminuddin bin ahmad kayani, mohd ambri mohamed, muhamad ramdzan buyong.  (2023).  a correlation of conductivity medium and bioparticle viability on dielectrophoresis-based biomedical applications.  - electrophoresis.  1-48. 

aini ayunni mohd raub, ida hamidah, asep bayu dani nandiyanto, jaenudin ridwan, mohd ambri mohamed, muhamad ramdzan buyong, jumril yunas.  (2023).  zno nrs/rgo photocatalyst in a polymer-based microfluidic platform.  - polymers.  1-13. 

jamal kazmi, syed raza ali raza, waqas ahmad, asad masood, abdul jalil, a.a. mohd raub, aumber abbas, md khan sobayel rafiq, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2023).  free carrier-mediated ferromagnetism in nonmagnetic ions (bi-li) codoped zno nanowires.  - physical chemistry chemical physics.  14206-14218. 

muhammad javed; ayaz arif khan; jamal kazmi; naeem akbar; nisar ahmed; said nasir khisro; mohd ambri mohamed.  (2023).  investigation on electrical transport and dielectric relaxation mechanism in tbcro3 perovskite orthochromite.  - journal of alloys and compounds.  1-19. 

muhammad javed, ayaz arif khan, naeem akbar, jamal kazmi, amanullah dar, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2023).  low-temperature dielectric relaxation mechanism and correlated barrier hopping transport in neodymium perovskite chromite.  - materials research bulletin.  1-14. 

jamil kazmi, jamal kazmi, syed raza ali raza, babar nazir, raja azhar saeed khan, mohd ambri mohamed, mohsin rafique.  (2023).  magneto-transport and enhanced spin-polarized photo response in solution-processed vertically aligned zn0.9ni0.1o nanowires.  - magnetochemistry.  2-13. 

faizatul farah hatta, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2022).  a review on applications of graphene in triboelectric nanogenerators.  - international journal of energy research.  544-576. 

revathy deivasigamani, nur shahira abdul nasir, mohd ambri mohamed, muhamad ramdzan buyong..  (2022).  in vitro dielectrophoresis of hek cell migration for stimulating chronic wound epithelialization.  - electrophoresis.  609-620. 

abhay kumar mondal, loh kean ping, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff, mohd arif mohd sarjidan, goh boon tong, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2022).  temperature dependence of ultrathin mixed phase ga2o3 films grown on the alpha al2o3 substrate via mist cvd.  - acs omga.  2252-2259. 

raja azhar saeed khan, jamal kazmi, bushra ansari, syed raza ali raza, nadia tabbasum, mohd ambri mohamed, jamil kazmi, zamir-ul-hassan, muhammad naeem ahmed, asif majeed, syed manzoor hussain bukhari.  (2022).  n-pentylisatin and zno nws based organic-inorganic hybrid device for broad range photodetection.  - materials chemistry and physics.  1-6. 

aini ayunni mohd raub, jumril yunas, mohd ambri mohamed, badariah bais, azrul azlan hamzah, jaenudin ridwan, jamal kazmi, muhamad azuddin hassan.  (2022).  synthesis and characterization of zno nrs with spray coated go for enhanced photocatalytic activity.  - ceramics international.  18238-18245. 

raihana bahru, mohd faiz muaz ahmad zamri, abd halim shamsuddin, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2022).  simulation design for thermal model from various materials in electronic devices: a review.  - numerical heat transfer, part a: applications.  640-665. 

sh. nadzirah, subash c.b gopinathb, n.a. parmin, azrul azlan hamzah, mohd ambri mohamed, edward yi chang, chang fu dee.  (2022).  state-of-the-art on functional titanium dioxide-integrated nano-hybrids in electrical biosensors.  - critical reviews in analytical chemistry.  637-648. 

ummi kalsom noor din, mohd. ambri mohamed, muhamad mat salleh, tengku hasnan tengku aziz.  (2022).  effect of temperature on the formation of highly crystalline lead-free perovskite cs3sb2br9 hexagonal microdisks.  - journal of materials science: materials in electronics.  13625-13633. 

muhammad javed, ayaz arif khan, said nasir khisro, asif majeed, jamal kazmi, rehana bilkees, mubushar hussain, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2022).  charge conduction mechanism and non-debye type relaxation in lacro3 perovskite orthochromite.  - materials chemistry and physics.  1-11. 

revathy deivasigamani, nur nasyifa mohd maidin, nur shahira abdul nasir, mei xian low, aminuddin bin ahmad kayani,mohd ambri mohamed, muhamad ramdzan buyong.  (2022).  a dielectrophoresis proof of concept of polystyrene particles and in-vitro human epidermal keratinocytes migration for wound rejuvenation.  - journal of applied polymers science.  1-13. 

iskandar yahya, muhamad azuddin hassan, nur nasyifa mohd maidin, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2022).  swcnt network-fet device for human serum albumin detection.  - sensors.  1-15. 

mohamad shukri sirat, muhammad hilmi johari, abdul rahman mohmad, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff, mohd hanafi ani, mohd rofei mat hussin, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2022).  direct growth and properties of few-layer mos2 on multilayer graphene prepared by chemical vapor deposition.  - journal of materials science.  19704-19715. 

abhay kumar mondal, revathy deivasigamani, loh kean ping, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff, boon tong goh, ray hua horng, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2022).  heteroepitaxial growth of an ultrathin beta ga2o3 film on a sapphire substrate using mist cvd with fluid flow modeling.  - acs omega.  41236-41245. 

nurul nabila rosman, rozan mohamad yunus, lorna jeffery minggu, khuzaimah arifin, mohammad b kassim, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2021).  vertical mos2 on sio2/si and graphene: effect of surface morphology on photoelectrochemical properties.  - nanotechnology.  1-13. 

m. pourmand, p. k. choudhury, m. a. mohamed.  (2021).  porous gold nanolayer coated halide metal perovskite-based broadband metamaterial absorber in the visible and near-ir regime.  - ieee access.  8912-8919. 

raihana bahru, azrul azlan hamzah, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2021).  thermal management of wearable and implantable electronic healthcare devices: perspective and measurement approach.  - international journal of energy research.  1-18. 

abhay kumar mondal, mohd ambri mohamed, loh kean ping, mohamad fariz mohamad taib, mohd hazrie samat, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff, raihana bahru.  (2021).  first-principles studies for electronic structure and optical properties of p-type calcium doped alpha-ga2o3.  - materials.  1-11. 

muhammad javed, ayaz arif khan, jamal kazmi, mohd ambri mohamed, muhammad nasir khan, mubushar hussain, rehana bilkees.  (2021).  dielectric relaxation and small polaron hopping transport in sol-gel-derived nicr2o4 spinel chromite.  - materials research bulletin.  1-12. 

m. pourmand, p. k. choudhury, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2021).  tunable absorber embedded with gst mediums and trilayer graphene strip microheaters.  - scientific reports.  1-13. 

raihana bahru, mohd faiz muaz ahmad zamri, abd halim shamsuddin, norazuwana shaari, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2021).  a review of thermal interface material fabrication method toward enhancing heat dissipation.  - international journal of energy research.  1-21. 

loh kean ping, mohd ambri mohamed, abhay kumar mondal, mohamad fariz mohamad taib, mohd hazrie samat, dilla duryha berhanuddin, p. susthitha menon, raihana bahru.  (2021).  first-principles studies for electronic structure and optical properties of strontium doped -ga2o3.  - micromachines.  1-16. 

rehana bilkees, ayaz arif khan, muhammad javed, jamal kazmi, mohd ambri mohamed, muhammad nasir khan, adeel younis abid, asif majeed.  (2021).  dielectric relaxation and variable range hopping conduction in sol-gel auto combustion derived la0.7bi0.3fe0.5mn0.5o3 manganite.  - materials science and engineering: b.  1-10. 

jamal kazmi, ooi poh choon, boon tong goh, mohd farhanulhakim mohd razip wee, siti shafura a. karim, min kai lee, mohd hazrie mamat, mohamad fariz moahamd taib, syed raza ali raza, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2021).  appealing stable room-temperature ferromagnetism by well-aligned 1d co-doped zinc oxide nanowires.  - journal of alloys and compounds.  1-13. 

muhammad javed, ayaz arif khan, muhammad nasir khan, jamal kazmi, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2021).  investigation on non-debye type relaxation and polaronic conduction mechanism in zncr2o4 ternary spinel oxide.  - materials science and engineering: b.  1-13. 

revathy deivasigamani, nur nasyifa mohd maidin, m. f. mohd razip wee, mohd ambri mohamed, muhamad ramdzan buyong.  (2021).  dielectrophoresis prototypic polystyrene particle synchronization toward alive keratinocyte cells for rapid chronic wound healing.  - sensors.  1-27. 

suriani abu bakar, norhafizah jusoh, azmi mohamed, muqoyyanah muqoyyanah, mohd hafiz dzarfan othman, mohamad hafiz mamat, mohd khairul ahmad, mohd ambri mohamed, muhammad noor azlan, norhayati hashim, muhammad danang birowosuto, tetsuo soga.  (2021).  carbon nanotubes from waste cooking palm oil as adsorbent materials for the adsorption of heavy metal ions.  - environmental science and pollution research.  65171-65187. 

jamal kazmi, poh choon ooi, syed raza ali raza, goh boon tong, siti shafura a karim, mohd hazrie samat, min-kai lee, m. f. mohd. razip wee, mohamad fariz mohamad taib, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2021).  evidence of room temperature ferromagnetism in vertically aligned bi-co co-doped zno nanowires.  - journal of physics d: applied physics.  1-18. 

nurkhaizan zulkepli, jumril yunas, mohd ambri mohamed, azrul azlan hamzah.  (2021).  review of thermoelectric generators at low operating temperatures: working principles and materials.  - micromachines.  1-25. 

siti shafura a. karim, sh. nadzirah, jamal kazmi, ruslinda a. rahim, chang fu dee, azrul azlan hamzah, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2021).  zinc oxide nanorods-based immuno-field-effect transistor for human serum albumin detection.  - journal of materials science.  15344-15353. 

muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff*, nur hamizah zainal ariffin, poh choon ooi, mohd farhanulhakim mohd razip wee, mohd ambri mohamed, azrul azlan hamzah, mohd ismahadi syono, abdul manaf hashim.  (2021).  practical route for the low-temperature growth of large-area bilayer graphene on polycrystalline nickel by cold-wall chemical vapor deposition.  - acs omega.  12143-12154. 

loh kean ping, dilla duryha berhanuddin, abhay kumar mondal, p. susthitha menon, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2021).  properties and perspectives of ultrawide bandgap ga2o3 in optoelectronic applications.  - chinese journal of physics.  195-212. 

nur nasyifa mohd maidin, muhamad ramdzan buyong, ruslinda a. rahim, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2021).  dielectrophoresis applications in biomedical field and future perspectives in biomedical technology.  - electrophoresis.  2033-2059. 

rahmat zaki auliya, poh choon ooi, rad sadri, noor azrina talik, zhi yong yau, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad hanif, boontong goh, chang fu dee, navid aslfattahi, sameer al bati, khatatbeh ibtehaj, mohammad hafzuddin hj jumali, m. f. mohd razip wee, et. al.  (2021).  exploration of 2d ti3c2 mxene for all solution processed piezoelectric nanogenerator applications.  - scientific reports.  1-13. 

nur hamizah zainal ariffin, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff, mohd ismahadi syono, mohd ambri mohamed, azrul azlan hamzah, abdul manaf hashim.  (2021).  low-temperature nitrogen doping of nanocrystalline graphene films with tunable pyridinic-n and pyrrolic-n by cold-wall plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition.  - acs omega.  23710-23722. 

raihana bahru, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2020).  enhancement of thermal interface material properties using carbon nanotubes through simple electrophoretic deposition method.  - international journal of energy research.  4944-4960. 

muhammad hilmi johari, mohamad shukri sirat, mohd ambri mohamed, siti nur farhana mohd nasir, mohd asri mat teridi and abdul rahman mohmad.  (2020).  effects of mo vapor concentration on the morphology of vertically standing mos2 nanoflakes.  - nanotechnology.  1-7. 

kong eng ng, poh choon ooi, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff, boon tong goh, chang fu dee, wei sea chang, m.f. mohd razip wee, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2020).  performance of all-solution-processed, durable 2d mos2 flakes-batio3 nanoparticles in polyvinylidene fluoride matrix nanogenerator devices using n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone polar solvent.  - journal of alloys and compounds.  1-7. 

manas r. samantaray, abhay kumar mondal, govindhasamy murugadoss, sudhagar pitchaimuthu, santanu das, raihana bahru, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2020).  synergetic effects of hybrid carbon nanostructured counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells: a review.  - materials.  1-34. 

jamal kazmi, poh choon ooi, boon tong goh, min kai lee, m. f. mohd. razip wee, siti shafura a karim, syed raza ali razad, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2020).  bi-doping improved magnetic properties of zinc oxide nanowires.  - rsc advances.  23297-23311. 

raihana bahru, mohd faiz muaz ahmad zamri, abd halim shamsuddin, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2020).  structural analyses of polyaniline titanium oxide composite for acetone detection.  - journal of materials science materials in electronics.  1574-1584. 

muhammad javed, ayaz arif khan, jamal kazmi, mohd ambri mohamed, muhammad shafiq ahmed, yousaf iqbal.  (2020).  impedance spectroscopic study of charge transport and relaxation mechanism in mncr2o4 ceramic chromite.  - journal of alloys and compounds.  1-12. 

fatin bazilah fauzi, edhuan ismail, syed noh syed abu bakar, ahmad faris ismail, mohd ambri mohamed, muhamad faiz md din, suhaimi illias and mohd hanafi ani.  (2020).  the role of gas-phase dynamics in interfacial phenomena during few-layer graphene growth through atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition.  - physical chemistry chemical physics.  3481-3489. 

siti shafura a karim, yuzuru takamura, phan trong tue, nguyen thanh tung, jamal kazmi, chang fu dee, burhanuddin yeop majlis, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2020).  developing conductive highly ordered zinc oxide nanorods by acetylacetonate-assisted growth.  - materials.  1-12. 

raihana bahru, norazuwana shaari, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2020).  allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: a review.  - international journal of energy research.  2471-2498. 

poh choon ooi, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff, m. f. mohd razip wee, boon tong goh , chang fu dee, mohd ambri mohamed burhanuddin yeop majlis.  (2019).  electrical transportation mechanisms of molybdenum disulfide flakes-graphene quantum dots heterostructure embedded in polyvinylidene fluoride polymer.  - scientific reports.  1-8. 

edhuan ismail, fatin bazilah fauzi, mohd ambri mohamed, mohd fairus mohd yasin, mohd asyadi azam mohd abid, iskandar idris yaacob, muhamad faiz md dine, mohd hanafi ani.  (2019).  kinetic studies of few-layer graphene grown by flame deposition from the perspective of gas composition and temperature.  - rsc advances.  21000-21008. 

muhammad musoddiq jaafar, poh choon ooi, m. f. mohd. razip wee, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff, mohd ambri mohamed, edward yi chang, burhanuddin yeop majlis, chang fu dee.  (2019).  electrical bistabilities behaviour of all solution processed non volatile memories based on graphene quantum dots embedded in graphene oxide layers.  - journal of materials science materials in electronics.  16415-16420. 

elyani abu bakar, mohd ambri mohamed, poh choon ooi, m.f. mohd razip wee, chang fu dee, burhanuddin yeop majlis.  (2018).  fabrication of indium-tin-oxide free, all-solution-processed flexible nanogenerator device using nanocomposite of barium titanate and graphene quantum dots in polyvinylidene fluoride polymer matrix.  - organic electronics.  . 

m. h. ani, m. a. kamarudin, a. h. ramlan, e. ismail, mohd ambri mohamed, m. a. azam.  (2018).  a critical review on the contributions of chemical and physical factors toward the nucleation and growth of large-area graphene.  - journal of materials science.  7095-7111. 

nabihah sihar, teck yaw tiong, chang fu dee, poh choon ooi, azrul azlan hamzah, mohd ambri mohamed & burhanuddin yeop majlis.  (2018).  ultraviolet light-assisted copper oxide nanowires hydrogen gas sensor.  - nanoscale research letters.  . 

poh choon ooi, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff, m.f. mohd razip wee, chang fu dee, boon tong goh, mohd ambri mohamed, burhanuddin yeop majlis.  (2017).  reduced graphene oxide preparation and its applications in solution-processed write-once-read-many-times graphene-based memory device.  - carbon.  547-554. 

poh choon ooi, muhammad aniq shazni mohammad haniff m.f. ,mohd razip wee, chang fu dee, boon tong goh, mohd ambri mohamed, burhanuddin yeop majlis.  (2017).  reduced graphene oxide preparation and its applications in solution processed write once read many times graphene based memory device.  - carbon.  547-554. 

mohd asyadi azam, nor najihah zulkapli, norasimah dorah, raja noor amalina raja seman, mohd hanafi ani, mohd shukri sirat, edhuan ismail, fatin bazilah fauzi, mohd ambri mohamed, and burhanuddin yeop majlis.  (2017).  critical considerations of high quality graphene synthesized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition for electronic and energy storage devices.  - ecs journal of solid state science and technology.  3035-3048. 

nobuo otsuka, mohd ambri mohamed, pham tien lam.  (2015).  mechanism of large thermal fluctuations and slow relaxation of elastically interacting point-defect system.  - journal of the physical society of japan.  1-9. 

fatin bazilah fauzi, raihan othman, mohd ambri mohamed, sukreen hana herman, ahmad zahirani ahmad azhar and mohd hanafi ani.  (2015).  transition metal oxide (tmo) thin film memristor on cu substrate using dilute electrodeposition method.  - materials transaction.  1147-1151.