haizum aimi zaharin, nor syazwanie mohd saidi, norazuwana shaari, swee su lim, farah ezzah ab. latif, junji inukai, wai yin wong.  (2026).  material innovations and durability strategies for next-generation membranes of proton exchange membrane fuel cell: a critical review.  - journal of power sources.  1 - 33. 

norazuwana shaari, siti hasanah osman, siti kartom kamarudin, sahriah basri, syazwani mohd zaki, raihana bahru, noraini mohd.  (2026).  hydrogel electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems: structure–property relationships and performance trade-offs.  - international journal of hydrogen energy.  1 - 22. 

mohd harris jamil, norazuwana shaari, sahriah basri, siti hasanah osman, saheed ganiyu, khalid rashed alhooshani.  (2026).  a review of metal–air fuel cells: progress, challenges, and perspectives.  - energy and fuels.  14923 - 14945. 

siti hasanah osman, siti kartom kamarudin, norazuwana shaari, maryam taufiq musa, zulfirdaus zakaria, mahnoush beygisangchin.  (2026).  application of g-c3n4 in low-temperature fuel cell technology: an overview.  - jurnal kejuruteraan.  1865 - 1874. 

norazuwana shaari, siti hasanah osman, siti kartom kamarudin, ajaz ahmad wani, wai yin wong, mahnoush beygisangchin, mohamed ansari mohamed nainar, muhammad zikri aiman zulkifli.  (2025).  unlocking mof potential in dmfc systems: a critical analysis of structural innovations and future perspectives.  - energy & fuels.  20729 - 20769. 

norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, omar shah jehan, siti hasanah osman, ajaz ahmad wani, mahnoush beygisangchin.  (2025).  a critical review on functional cellulose for fuel cell polymer electrolyte membrane: from structure-property relationships to commercial outlook.  - inorganic chemistry communications.  1 - 34. 

ajaz ahmad wani, mohammad shahadat, norazuwana shaari, effi helmy ariffin, shahid-ul islam, mohd israil, mohd arshad.  (2025).  assessment and perspectives: polymer-supported nanomaterials for environmental remediation and sustainability: a critical review.  - acs es&t water.  4950 - 4968. 

o.s.j. elham, s.k. kamarudin, n. shaari, a.m. zainoodin, s.h. osman, m.r. yusof.  (2025).  from methanol concentration to thermal performance: insight into nafion/lignosulfonate-hydroxyapatite composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cell.  - energy nexus.  1 - 14. 

yusra nadzirah yusoff, norazuwana shaari, nor fatina raduwan, mohamad azuwa mohamed, siti kartom kamarudin, kee shyuan loh, roshasnorlyza hazan, ajaz ahmad wani.  (2025).  enhanced specific surface area in 2d graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets via two-step calcination temperature-induced structural transformation.  - chemical engineering communications.  1452 - 1462. 

siti hasanah osman, siti kartom kamarudin, mohd harris jamil, enggar alfianto, norazuwana shaari, zulfirdaus zakaria.  (2025).  3d graphene-coupled aerogel nanoarchitectures: emerging paradigm toward sustainable applications in fuel cell.  - korean journal of chemical engineering .  2131 - 2151. 

wei keat ng, wai yin wong, chun yik wong, kiranraj vaiyanan kannan, kee shyuan loh, norazuwana shaari, mohd shahbudin bin mastar, siew hoong shuit.  (2025).  advancements in poly (arylene piperidinium)- based anion exchange membranes: from molecular design to high-performance applications in fuel cells and water electrolysis.  - polymer reviews.  1241 - 1285. 

norazuwana shaari, ajaz ahmad wani, siti kartom kamarudin.  (2025).  direct liquid fuel cells: recent advances, key challenges, and the sustainable energy transition.  - .  . 

sahriah basri, norazuwana binti shaari, umawathy a/p techanamurthy, siti hasanah binti osman, engku luqman hakim bin engku kamal bakri .  (2025).  buku panduan kits pembelajaran salt-selfuel.  - .  . 

siti hasanah osman, siti kartom kamarudin, norazuwana shaari, zulfirdaus zakaria.  (2025).  low-temperature fuel cell technology development and issues: an overview.  - arabian journal for science and engineering.  1 - 20. 

siti hasanah osman, siti kartom kamarudin, norazuwana shaari, iesti hajar hanapi, omar shah jehan elham, muhammad akmal aminudin.  (2025).  review on direct methanol fuel cells: bridging the gap between theory and application for sustainable energy solutions.  - energy and fuels.  5651 - 5671. 

siti hasanah osman, nurul syazrah mat yatim, omar syah jehan elham, norazuwana shaaria, zulfirdaus zakaria.  (2025).  three decades of hydrogen energy research: a bibliometric analysis on the evolution of green hydrogen technologies.  - sustainable energy & fuels .  3182 - 3202. 

zatil amali che ramli, jagadeesh pasupuleti, siti hasanah osman, nik farah hanis nik zaiman, nurul atiqah izzati md ishak, nurul ainirazali, wan nor roslam wan isahak, sieh tiong kiong, sp koh, norazuwana shaari.  (2025).  transitioning from platinum: a comprehensive review of alternative cathodic catalysts in direct alcohol fuel cells.  - process safety and environmental protection.  107240 - 107269. 

muhammad zikri aiman zulkifli, norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, wong wai yin, ajaz ahmad wani, siti hasanah osman, mohamed ansari mohamed nainar, mahnoush beygisangchin.  (2025).  critical review of metal-organic framework (mof) in direct methanol fuel cells: membrane and electrocatalyst performance enhancement.  - inorganic chemistry communications.  114850 - 114894. 

mohd ezhar zulkifli, sahriah basri, khalimatul saadiah ahmad, norazuwana shaari, khuzaimah ariffin, siti kartom kamaruddin.  (2025).  fundamental insights into ionic conductivity and structural orientation in single and holey multilayer graphene: a density functional theory simulation approach.  - jurnal kejuruteraan.  2147 - 2158. 

norazuwana shaari.  (2024).  s.e.n.i review paper writing.  - .  . 

norazuwana shaari.  (2024).  nota energy management & policy.  - .  . 

iswary letchumanan, choe peng leo, swee-yong pung, chee meng koe, norazuwana shaari, yusra nadzirah yusoff.  (2024).  fabrication of hybrid tin oxide-cellulose nanocomposite as the flexible and thin supercapacitor.  - energy storage.  1 - 9. 

ajaz ahmad wani, norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, nor fatina raduwan, yusra nadzirah yusoff, amjad mumtaz khan, shariq yousuf, ansari m. n. m..  (2024).  critical review on composite-based polymer electrolyte membranes toward fuel cell applications: progress and perspectives.  - energy & fuels.  18169 - 18193. 

n. f. raduwan, n. shaari, m. s. masdar.  (2024).  application of response surface method (rsm) to investigate the effects of process parameters on the microstructures and specific surface area of hierarchical 3d nanostructured nico2o4 electrocatalyst synthesized through hydrothermal method.  - iop conference series: earth and environmental science.  1 - 8. 

yusra nadzirah yusoff, norazuwana shaari, mohamad azuwa mohamed, kee shyuan loh and siti kartom kamarudin.  (2024).  enhanced proton conductivity and mechanical stability of crosslinked sodium alginate as a biopolymer electrolyte membrane in fuel cell application.  - iop conference series: earth and environmental science.  1 - 8. 

muhamad ariff amir hamzah, siti kartom kamarudin , mahnoush beygisangchin ,norazuwana shaari, roshasnorlyza hazan , zulfirdaus zakaria .  (2024).  microporous layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: advancement in materials and properties.  - journal of environmental chemical engineering.  1 - 24. 

ajaz ahmad wani, ryhan abdullah rather, norazuwana shaari, umair khan, taseer muhammad, syed modassir hussain, laila f. seddek, ahmed m. abed.  (2024).  aspects of superior photocatalytic dye degradation and adsorption efficiency of reduced graphene oxide multiwalled carbon nanotubes with modified zno-al2o3 nanocomposites.  - journal of environmental chemical engineering.  1 - 12. 

mohd ezhar zulkifli, sahriah basri, norazuwana shaari, khuzaimah ariffin, siti kartom kamaruddin.  (2024).  electronic understandings of structural orientation and ionic properties in mno2/graphene: dft application .  - 2nd international conference on sustainable, renewable and energy efficiency (icsree 2024).  . 

iswary letchumanan, ajaz ahmad wani, norazuwana shaari, mahnoush beygisangchin, siti kartom kamarudin, nabila a. karim.  (2024).  metal–organic frameworks as a catalyst and catalyst support in fuel cells: from challenges to catalytic application.  - chemical engineering and technology.  1 - 11. 

ajaz ahmad wani, zulfirdaus zakaria, nadras othman, raa khimi shuib, norazuwana shaari, nurul hayati yusof.  (2024).  improving durability and efficiency in passive direct ethanol fuel cells using a biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol/epoxidized natural rubber membrane.  - journal of applied polymer science.  56083 - 56097. 

norazuwana shaari, ajaz ahmad wani, siti kartom kamarudin, nor fatina raduwan, yusra nadzirah yusoff, zatil amali che ramli, nur ain masleeza harun, nik farah hanis nik zaiman.  (2024).  recent advances and fundamentals of polymer electrolyte membrane in direct borohydride fuel cell application: effectiveness, reliability, degradation, and mitigation strategies.  - international journal of hydrogen energy.  190 - 214. 

nor fatina raduwan, norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, mohd shahbudin masdar, rozan mohamad yunus, ajaz ahmad wani.  (2024).  advances, progress and challenges of nico2o4-based composite materials for direct methanol fuel cell applications: a critical review.  - international journal of green energy.  3391 - 3413. 

mahnoush beygisangchin, siti kartom kamarudin, akrajas ali umar, bita farhadi, amir hossein baghdadi, iswary letchumanan, armin rajabi, abang anuar ehsan, norazuwana shaari.  (2024).  advancements in confguration structures and fabrication techniques for achieving stability in perovskite solar cells: a comprehensive review.  - journal of the korean ceramic society.  755 - 782. 

mahnoush beygisangchin, amir hossein baghdadi, siti kartom kamarudin, suraya abdul rashid, jaroon jakmunee, norazuwana shaari.  (2024).  recent progress in polyaniline and its composites; synthesis, properties, and applications.  - european polymer journal.  1 - 30. 

azana hafizah mohd aman, norazuwana shaari, zainab s. attar bashi, saman iftikhar , shaikhan bawazeer, siti hasanah osman, nor shahida hasan.  (2024).  a review of residential blockchain internet of things energy systems : resources, storage and challenges.  - energy reports.  1225-1241. 

mohd ezhar zulkifli, sahriah basri, norazuwana shaari, khuzaimah ariffin, siti kartom kamaruddin.  (2024).  electronic understandings of structural orientation and ionic properties in mno2/graphene: dft application.  - 2nd international conference on sustainable, renewable and energy efficiency (icsree 2024).  . 

o.s.j. elhama, s.k. kamarudin, n. shaari, a.m zainoodin, m.r. yusof.  (2024).  methanol permeability enhancement through heat treatment of nafion-based composite membrane for direct methanol fuel cell application.  - fuel.  1 - 15. 

w.k. ng, w.y. wong, k.s. loh, m.s. masdar, n. shaari, m.m. pang.  (2024).  a comprehensive overview of polyphenylene oxide-based anion exchange membranes from the perspective of ionic conductivity and alkaline stability.  - journal of industrial and engineering chemistry.  49 - 71. 

o.s. j. elham, s.k. kamarudin, n. shaari, a.m. zainoodin, z. zakaria, m.r. yusof.  (2024).  development of low-cost nafion-lignin composite conductive membranes for application in direct methanol fuel cells .  - journal of environmental chemical engineering.  1 - 12. 

siti hasanah osman, ong hwai chyuan, siti kartom kamarudin, norazuwana shaari, iesti hajar hanapi, zulfirdaus zakaria, nur hidayah ahmad zaidi, sinar azuria adnan, raihana bahru.  (2024).  nanocatalysts in direct liquid fuel cells: advancements for superior performance and energy sustainability.  - international journal of green energy.  3654 - 3674. 

maryam taufiq musa, norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, wong wai yin.  (2024).  optimizing sodium alginate/pva polymer electrolyte membrane with montmorillonite for enhanced architectural features and performance in dmfc application.  - arabian journal for science and engineering.  8099 - 8113. 

siti hasanah osman, siti kartom kamarudin ,norazuwana shaari.  (2024).  fueling the future: the promise of hydrogen energy.  - e-majalah (nexus+) edisi pertama 2024.  . 

m.a. aminudin , s.k. kamarudin, b.h. lim, e.h. majilan, m.s. masdar n. shaari.  (2023).  an overview: current progress on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.  - international journal of hydrogen energy.  4371-4388. 

nik farah hanis nik zaiman, norazuwana shaari.  (2023).  review on flower-like structure nickel based catalyst in fuel cell application.  - journal of industrial and engineering chemistry.  1-76. 

nik farah hanis nik zaiman, norazuwana shaari, zatil amali che ramli.  (2023).  carbon based-materials/metal-organic framework for catalytic oxidation in direct borohydride fuel cell application.  - jurnal kejuruteraan.  203-213. 

norazuwana shaari, nor fatina raduwan, yusra nadzirah yusoff, nur ain masleeza harun, nik farah hanis nik zaiman.  (2023).  membrane and catalyst in direct methanol fuel cell and direct borohydride fuel cell application.  - .  409-458. 

nor fatina raduwan, norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, mohd shabudin masdar, rozan mohamad yunus.  (2023).  structural transformation doubly triggered by hydrothermal temperature and reaction time in 3d mixed transition metal oxide: great enhancement of pore size distribution and specific surface area.  - international journal of hydrogen energy.  27289-27297. 

muhammad zikri aiman zulkifli, darman nordin, norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin.  (2023).  overview of electrospinning for tissue engineering applications.  - polymers.  1-27. 

norazuwana binti shaari;mohd shahbudin bin mastar @ masdar;rozan binti mohamad yunus;nurul akidah binti baharuddin.  (2023).  graphene quantum dots encapsulated tremella-like structure nico2o4 in speek as high performance hybrid membrane for dmfc.  - .  . 

maryam taufiq musa; norazuwana shaari; nor fatina raduwan; siti kartom kamarudin; wai yin wong.  (2023).  alginate/pva polymer electrolyte membrane modified by hydrophilic montmorillonite for structure and selectivity enhancement for dmfc application.  - polymers.  1-18. 

siti kartom kamarudin, siti hasanah osman, norazuwana shaari.  (2023).  sejarah sel fuel.  - majalah sains.  1-7. 

siti kartom kamarudin, siti hasanah osman, norazuwana shaari.  (2023).  penggunaan platinum dalam sel fuel.  - majalah sains.  1-6. 

yusra nadzirah yusoff, norazuwana shaari, siti hasanah osman.  (2023).  metal oxide-based materials as an emerging platform for fuel cell system: a review.  - materials science and technology.  2363-2397. 

norazuwana shaari, nik farah hanis nik zaiman, siti hasanah osman, ajaz ahmad wani.  (2023).  3d graphene for fuel cells.  - .  321-339. 

nabila a karim, muhammad syafiq alias, norazuwana shaari, hsiharng yang.  (2023).  calcium carbonate from chicken eggshells as filler in composite nafion membrane for direct ethanol fuel cell: a molecular dynamics study.  - journal of chemical technology and biotechnology.  2763-2773. 

ajaz ahmad wani, norazuwana shaari, amaad ashraf ansari, sher mohd, prabha tiwari, siti kartom kamarudin, ram k gupta.  (2023).  polyaniline-based functional nanohybrid materials towards environmental remediation; current progress, challenges, and future perspectives.  - journal of environmental chemical engineering.  1-16. 

maryam taufiq musa, norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, wong wai yin.  (2023).  interfacial interaction of graphene oxide with montmorillonite in tailoring the structure and proton transport phenomena of alginate/pva membrane for dmfc applications.  - journal of applied polymer science.  1-16. 

norazuwana shaari.  (2023).  the development of low fuel crossover seaweed based as green electrolyte membrane for fuel cell applications.  - .  -. 

nor fatina raduwan; norazuwana shaari.  (2023).  three-dimensional yarn ball-like nickel cobalt oxide as an electrocatalyst material for fuel cell application.  - malaysian journal of microscopy.  24-32. 

nor fatina raduwan, norazuwana shaari.  (2023).  three-dimensional yarn ball-like nickel cobalt oxide as an electrocatalyst material for fuel cell application.  - malaysian journal of microscopy.  24 - 32. 

nik farah hanis nik zaiman; norazuwana shaari; nur ain masleeza harun.  (2022).  developing metal-organic framework-based composite for innovative fuel cell application: an overview.  - international journal of energy research.  471-504. 

norazuwana shaari | nor naimah rosyadah ahmad | raihana bahru | choe peng leo.  (2022).  ionic liquid-modified materials as polymer electrolyte membrane and electrocatalyst in fuel cell application: an update.  - international journal of energy research.  2166-2211. 

norazuwana binti shaari, zulfirdaus bin zakaria, halim bin razali.  (2022).  strategy how to write a review paper.  - .  1-166. 

yusra nadzirah yusoff, norazuwana shaari.  (2022).  membran pertukaran proton bersuhu tinggi.  - majalah sains.  1-5. 

nor fatina raduwan, norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, mohd shabudin masdar, rozan mohamad yunus.  (2022).  an overview of nanomaterials in fuel cells: synthesis method and application.  - international journal of hydrogen energy.  18468-18495. 

zatil amali che ramli, norazuwana shaari, tengku shafazila tengku saharuddin.  (2022).  progress and major barriers of nanocatalyst development in direct methanol fuel cell: a review.  - international journal of hydrogen energy.  22114-22146. 

siti kartom binti kamarudin;sahriah binti basri;nabila binti a karim;azran bin mohd zainoodin;norazuwana binti shaari.  (2022).  synthesis and electro-chemical testing of bio-platinum from plant extract for application in fuel cell system.  - .  . 

maryam taufiq musa; norazuwana shaari.  (2022).  the thermal stability and preliminary performance of sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol-based membrane in dmfc: montmorillonite as a filler.  - malaysian journal of analytical sciences.  589-599. 

norazuwana binti shaari;siti kartom binti kamarudin.  (2022).  new hybrid polymer membrane sulfonated sodum alginate based with ternary conductive filler system (mmt/ago/cnt) for direct methanol fuel cell.  - .  . 

nor fatina raduwan; norazuwana shaari.  (2022).  a review on preparation, modification and fundamental properties of speek nanocomposite pem for direct methanol fuel cell applications.  - malaysian journal of analytical sciences.  622-639. 

nur ain masleeza harun, norazuwana shaari, zatil amali che ramli.  (2022).  progress of g-c3n4 and carbon-based material composite in fuel cell application.  - international journal of energy research.  16281-16315. 

maryam taufiq musa, norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, wai yin wong.  (2022).  recent biopolymers used for membrane fuel cells: characterization analysis perspectives.  - international journal of energy research.  16178-16207. 

nurul akidah baharuddin et al. (rujuk salinan kertas untuk senarai lengkap penulis).  (2022).  fuel cell system - stationary backup power solution for telecommunication sites.  - .  1-35. 

mohd shahbudin mastar @ masdar et al. (rujuk salinan kertas untuk senarai lengkap penulis).  (2022).  fuel cell system - general operational and safety requirements.  - .  1-32. 

nur ain masleeza harun, norazuwana shaari.  (2022).  a review on sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) based membrane in direct borohydride fuel cell applications.  - international journal of energy research.  17873-17898. 

norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin.  (2022).  biomembran rumpai laut aplikasi sel fuel metanol langsung.  - .  155. 

norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, raihana bahru.  (2021).  carbon and graphene quantum dots in fuel cell application: an overview.  - international journal of energy research.  1396-1424. 

maryam taufiq musa, norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin.  (2021).  carbon nanotube, graphene oxide and montmorillonite as conductive fillers in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell: an overview.  - international journal of energy research.  1309-1346. 

azana hafizah mohd aman, norazuwana shaari, roszita ibrahim.  (2021).  internet of things energy system: smart applications, technology advancement, and open issues.  - international journal of energy research.  8389-8419. 

raihana bahru, mohd faiz muaz ahmad zamri, abd halim shamsuddin, norazuwana shaari, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2021).  a review of thermal interface material fabrication method toward enhancing heat dissipation.  - international journal of energy research.  1-21. 

norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, raihana bahru, siti hasanah osman, nurul atiqah izzati md ishak.  (2021).  progress and challenges: review for direct liquid fuel cell.  - international journal of energy research.  6644-6688. 

nor naimah rosyadah ahmad, choe peng leo, abdul wahab mohammad, norazuwana shaari, wei lun ang.  (2021).  recent progress in the development of ionic liquid-based mixed matrix membrane for co2 separation: a review.  - international journal of energy research.  9800-9830. 

roszita ibrahim, norazuwana shaari, azana hafizah mohd aman.  (2021).  bio-fuel cell for medical device energy system: a review.  - international journal of energy research.  14245-14273. 

norazuwana shaari.  (2021).  polymer electrolyte membranes in fuel cell applications.  - .  311-352. 

yusra nadzirah yusoff; norazuwana shaari.  (2021).  an overview on the development of nanofiber-based as polymer electrolyte membrane and electrocatalyst in fuel cell application.  - international journal of energy research.  18441-18472. 

nur ain masleeza harun, norazuwana shaari, nik farah hanis nik zaiman.  (2021).  a review of alternative polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell application based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone).  - international journal of energy research.  19671-19708. 

muhammad zikri aiman zulkifli, shazwani amenina sharbani, darman nordin, norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin.  (2021).  synthesis of polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (pcl-ha) biodegradable nanofibres via an electrospinning technique for tissue engineering scaffolds.  - jurnal kejuruteraan.  935-941. 

norazuwana shaari, azana hafizah mohd aman, roszita ibrahim.  (2021).  sumber tenaga internet benda.  - akses: advancing knowledge for success.  6. 

norazuwana binti shaari, zulfirdaus zakaria, halim razali.  (2021).  strategy how to write a review paper.  - .  . 

norazuwana shaari.  (2020).  impact of quaternization and polymer blending on the properties of sodium alginate membrane for dmfc application.  - the 4th international symposium on advanced materials and nanotechnology 2020 (isamn2020).  92-96. 

raihana bahru, norazuwana shaari, mohd ambri mohamed.  (2020).  allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: a review.  - international journal of energy research.  2471-2498. 

norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin.  (2020).  sodium alginate/alumina composite biomembrane preparation and performance in dmfc application.  - polymer testing.  1-10. 

zulfirdaus zakaria, saiful hasmady abu hassan, norazuwana shaari, ahmad zubair yahaya, yap boon kar.  (2020).  a review on recent status and challenges of yttria stabilized zirconia modification to lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells operation.  - international journal of energy research.  631-650. 

zulfirdaus zakaria, norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, raihana bahru, maryam taufiq musa.  (2020).  a review of progressive advanced polymer nanohybrid membrane in fuel cell application.  - international journal of energy research.  8255-8295. 

norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, zulfirdaus zakaria.  (2019).  enhanced alkaline stability and performance of alkali doped quaternized poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes for passive direct ethanol fuel cell.  - international journal of energy research.  5252-5265. 

norazuwana shaari, siti kartom kamarudin, zulfirdaus zakaria.  (2019).  potential of sodium alginate/titanium oxide biomembrane nanocomposite in dmfc application.  - international journal of energy research.  8057-8069. 

norazuwana shaari, zulfirdaus zakaria, siti kartom kamarudin.  (2019).  the optimization performance of cross-linked sodium alginate polymer electrolyte bio-membranes in passive direct methanol/ethanol fuel cells.  - international journal of energy research.  8275-8285.